It is well known that creatine leads to water retention. An interesting question is where this water is contained in the body: inside or outside the (muscle) cells? …

Acne vulgaris (AV) is an incredibly annoying chronic skin disease. Teenagers around the globe are tormented by it, although most grow over it. Nevertheless, it's quite common in adults too. And if you've grown over it, you can still be struck by it when you start using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). …

Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of breast tissue in men. Estrogens play a pivotal role in its development and endocrine treatment can help counteract it. …

Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of breast tissue in men. Androgens and estrogens play a pivotal role in its development. But what about prolactin and progesterone, are they also involved? …

Aromatase inhibitors can lower estrogen in the body. They do so by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase. But how effective are they at lowering estrogen in men? And is there a difference in efficacy when administering exogeneous testosterone? …